DEFENDER – Liposomal CaAKG, Berberine, HLA Capsules – RENUE BY SCIENCE – Bioavailable NAD+ Boosters
NAD+ Defender
NAD+ Defender

DEFENDER – Liposomal CaAKG, Berberine, HLA Capsules

$49.95

  • Liposomal CaAKG – 110 mg
  • Liposomal Berberine – 60 mg
  • Liposomal Hyaluronic Acid (HLA) – 60 mg

Defender is a unique combination of supplements formulated to reduce systemic inflammation to minimize NAD+ consumption, prevent cellular senescence, slow the rate of age-related DNA methylation, and increasing levels of NAMPT which is responsible for the conversion of nicotinamide to NAD+.

About Defender

Defender is a unique combination of supplements formulated to reduce systemic inflammation.  Decreasing systemic inflammation will minimize NAD+ consumption so that it’s available for other purposes.

We combine Lipo Berberine, Lipo CaAKG, and Lipo HLA, which work together to help prevent cellular senescence and slow the rate of age-related DNA methylation, which can help to prevent some of the many “diseases of old age”.

Defender can also elevate levels of NAD+ by increasing an important enzyme responsible for the conversion of nicotinamide to NAD+, called NAMPT.  Defender is also formulated to promote new cartilage and bone, thereby reducing joint inflammation and pain.

About Liposomal Delivery

Our Lipo products are part of a sustained-released liposomal delivery system that provides superior absorption in easy-to-swallow capsules.

Our process encapsulates and delivers our products intracellularly in its complete form where it can be absorbed and utilized rather than being destroyed in the stomach.

Lipo Berberineâ„¢

Berberine is an alkaloid found in a variety of plants. It is similar to metformin in that it can help to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism.

Berberine Found to Increase NAD+ Levels, Lower Inflammation

In a study examining the effects of Berberine on NAD+ levels, it was found that Berberine increases an important enzyme responsible for the conversion of nicotinamide to NAD+, called NAMPT.

“Berberine increases NAD+/NADH ratio through induction of NAMPT expression in C2C12 cells” (1)

As we age, we accumulate senescent cells that secrete toxins which are inflammatory.  Berberine is one of the most promising interventions to slow the accumulation of senescent cells and the inflammation they secrete by inducing autophagy, the body’s way of clearing out dead and damaged cells to make way for new ones.

“Mechanistic studies exhibit that berberine induces autophagic death in ALL cells by inactivating AKT/mTORC1 signaling” (2)

Berberine’s benefits extend beyond the induction of autophagy and include optimizing metabolic pathways and upregulating the molecules that maintain the epigenome. It has also been shown to increase NAD+ levels through its activation of the AMPK enzyme.

“The beneficial effects of BBR are attributable to its effect as an AMPK activator”  (3)

“Berberine has been shown to enhance AMPK activation (one of the few chemicals that does), enhance autophagy and mitigate apoptosis (cell death) induced by high glucose levels” (7)

“AMPK regulates an array of biological activities that normalize lipid, glucose, and energy imbalances” (7)

Research also indicates there is important synergy between two ingredients, berberine and CaAKG.  AMPK is upregulated by berberine and AMPK upregulates isocitrate dehydrogenase in the Krebs cycle, which produces alpha ketoglutarate (AKG).

LIPO Berberineâ„¢ offers advanced support for:

▸  Metabolic function and clearing senescent cells

▸  Weight Management

▸  AMPK activation

▸  Blood sugar and insulin metabolism

▸  Microbiome balance

Lipo CaAKGâ„¢

Calcium-alpha-ketoglutarate (CaAKG for short) is a special form of mineral calcium used to restore calcium concentration levels in the blood back to normal.

CaAKG Slows Effects of Aging and Reduces Inflammation

CaAKG works by slowing the rate of age-related DNA methylation and reducing the inflammation caused by senescent cells: two proposed reasons why we age.

“Thus AKG may bridge cellular energy metabolism and increase amino acid availability to inhibit the secretory of inflammatory cytokines” (4)

“AKG suppresses chronic inflammation and induces secretion of IL-10 in T cells of female mice” (8)

CaAKG also contributes to metabolism, providing energy for cellular processes. It helps stimulate collagen and protein synthesis and influences age-related processes including stem cell proliferation. Increasing Calcium Alpha-Ketoglutarate in the body supports your liver and its detoxification abilities.

LIPO CaAKGâ„¢ offers advanced support for:

▸  Restoring and maintaining DNA integrity

▸  Athletic performance and recovery

▸  Managing age-related inflammation

▸  Oxidative stress

▸  Cellular Detoxification

Lipo HLAâ„¢

Hyaluronic Acid is a polysaccharide molecule, one of the main components in connective tissue and which forms a gelatinous matrix that surrounds cells.

HLA Promotes New Cell Growth and Reduces Inflammation

Hyaluronic acid (HLA) is important for promoting the growth of new cells and tissues in the joint’s cartilage and bone, thereby reducing joint inflammation and pain caused by injuries or tissue degeneration.

“Our results show that HA was able to inhibit, in a dose-related fashion, both types of inflammatory reactions” (5)

“the studies reviewed here show promising results for the use of HA in the treatment of inflammatory pathologies” (6)

HLA is also a key molecule involved in skin hydration.  The natural production of Hyaluronic Acid rapidly declines by up to 50% by the time we’re 50 years old. Studies show that consuming extra hyaluronic acid boosts the body’s natural production of collagen.

LIPO HLAâ„¢ offers advanced support for:

▸  Restoring youthful skin

▸  Reducing joint pain and inflammation

▸  Healthy digestion

▸  Preserving bone mass

 

References:

1 – “Berberine protects against high fat diet-induced dysfunction in muscle mitochondria by inducing SIRT1-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis”

2 – “Mechanistic studies exhibit that berberine induces autophagic death in ALL cells by inactivating AKT/mTORC1 signaling”

3 – “The beneficial effects of BBR are attributable to its effect as an AMPK activator”

4 – “Thus AKG may bridge cellular energy metabolism and increase amino acid availability to inhibit the secretory of inflammatory cytokines”

5 – “Hyaluronic acid modulates acute and chronic inflammation”

6 – “Hyaluronic Acid: A Key Ingredient in the Therapy of Inflammation”

7 – “Berberine enhances the AMPK activation and autophagy and mitigates high glucose-induced apoptosis of mouse podocytes”

8 – “Alpha-Ketoglutarate, an Endogenous Metabolite, Extends Lifespan and Compresses Morbidity in Aging Mice”

 

Powdered Liposome under Electron Microscope

 

RENUE BY SCIENCE introduces LIPO Capsâ„¢ the Gold Standard in supplement delivery systems that provides maximum nutrient absorption throughout the body and is clinically proven to enhance the bioavailability up to 6x more than liquid liposome formulations(1)

ABOUT LIPOSOMES

Liposomes encapsulate active ingredients in a phospholipid "bubble" to protect and deliver them directly to the cells of our tissues, which are reached via the bloodstream.

They are specialized delivery vehicles serving multiple roles in enhancing the capabilities of active ingredients.

Liposomes stabilize therapeutic compounds—overcoming obstacles to cellular and tissue uptake—and improve the biodistribution of compounds to target sites.

  • Protects ingredients from digestion in stomach and intestines
  • Greatly increased circulation time in the bloodstream (not filtered out by liver)

BENEFITS OF LIPOSOMAL DELIVERY

The increased bioavailability of Liposomal Delivery make it:

MORE ECONOMICAL - MORE BANG FOR THE BUCK

Manufacturing liposomes does add cost to the finished product, which is why their usage has been more limited for vitamins and supplement as opposed to expensive pharmaceutical drugs.  However, a 2x increase in cost is vastly outweight by the 5-20x or greater increase in effectiveness of liposomal delivery.

Many people realize liposomal delivery provides more "bang for the buck", but it is clear they also enable much greater effectiveness and safety, and should be used for all products with known bioavailability problems.

MORE EFFECTIVE - HIGHER LEVELS OF SATURATION IN TARGET TISSUES

Many popular supplements such as Curcumin, Resveratrol, Berberine, Apigenin, Quercetin and others are well documented to have extremely poor bioavailability. When you're taking a supplement that has 5% or less bioavailability, it is not possible to achieve high blood saturation levels safely.  Liposomes deliver much higher quantities of the target molecules to the bloodstream.

SAFETY - MINIMIZES LIVER TOXICITY FROM EXCESSIVE DOSAGES

Many nutraceutical supplements have been shown to cause problems in the liver at higher dosages.  The risk of liver damage greatly limits the dosage that can safely be used, which diminishes the effectiveness. The liver does not filter out molecules delivered by liposomes, so the risk from toxicity is greatly diminished.

- More about Liposomes

POWDERED LIPOSOME NAD+ PRODUCTS

Our LIPO CAPS tm powdered liposomes technology encapsulates nanosized particles in liposomes, which are then freeze-dried to remove the aqueous phase. It's a bit like grapes that are dehydrated to raisins, except that liposomes re-inflate in the body.

This ensures maximum bioavailability and stability, protecting the bio-active ingredients against degradation.

This encapsulation technology is clinically proven through safety, absorption and blood glucose studies to maximize nutrient bioavailability. (2)

A peak particle size of less than 50 nm (nanometers) ensures the maximum bioavailability and stability.

The advanced liposomes retain the core structure of the liposomal bilayer in its powder form, which stabilizes the active ingredient and ensures maximum bioefficiency, potency and absorption.

We use natural non-hydrogenated sunflower phosphatidylcholine in our manufacturing process, derived from non-GMO certified sunflower oil from Europe. It undergoes a multi-step, purification and filtration process during liposome manufacturing to ensure the utmost purity.

More about Powdered Liposomes

WHY LIPOSOMAL DELIVERY IS CRITICAL

If not protected, NAD+ metabolites are almost entirely degraded to NAM (Nicotinamide) before reaching tissues beyond the liver.

TOO MUCH NAM

This can be a problem when users believe more is better and take excessive doses of standard NR or NMN capsules. Very little makes it intact through the digestive tract, liver, and bloodstream to reach the target tissue. The result is massive increases in NAM.

For example, this study gave 300 mg/kg of NR to mice and found NAM is increased 40x, while NR is not increased and exists only at trace levels

“The minute amount of dual-labeled NAD observed in muscle indicates that direct utilization of NR by the muscle does occur. However, oral NR dosing increased circulating NAM ~40-fold while NMN remained unchanged and NR was detected only at trace levels in the blood. Thus, the majority of the orally administered NR that reaches the muscle appears to enter in the form of liberated NAM or as NMN."

WHAT HAPPENS IF NAM LEVELS ARE TOO HIGH

High levels of NAM can have many negative effects such as inhibiting Sirtuins (r), which is the opposite of what you are trying to accomplish by taking NAD+ boosters. While NAM is beneficial for many health conditions, excessive NAM levels can be detrimental to your health.

"High doses of NAM can cause genomic instability, reduce cellular methyl pools, and cause insulin resistance through methylated NAM." (r)

The body does respond to try and bring NAM levels down, by attaching a Methyl group to the NAM to form MeNAM, which is then excreted. (r)

This can result in "methylation problems"  where there are insufficient methyl donors that are critical for other needs and promotes age related health problems. (r)

TMG MAY HELP RESTORE METHYL GROUPS WHEN NAM LEVELS ARE TOO HIGH

As a result, it is common practice now for those taking NMN or NR to take TMG or other methyl donors. (r)

That is thought to help with the problem of excessive NAM buildup from taking high dosage NMN or NR capsules, but excess TMG can also lead to problems. (r)

LIPOSOMAL DELIVERY IS THE SOLUTION

A far better solution is to take a form of NMN or NR that protects the active ingredient from digestion to NAM.

Sublingual delivery of NMN delivers up to 30% of NMN to the bloodstream, so much less is digested to NAM and depletion of methyl groups is much less of a problem.

Liposomes are even better, as they can protect NAD+ metabolites from digestion and degradation in stomach, liver, and bloodstream.

Liposomal delivery prevents your expensive NAD+ precursors from being digested to NAM, which is a waste of money, and can actually be bad for your health.

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration.
This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Testing

 

About Liposomes

Liposomes protect ingredients through the GI tract, merging their contents into cells to improve the biodistribution of compounds.

Liposomes protect ingredients through the GI tract, merging their contents into cells to improve the biodistribution of compounds.

Liposomes Demonstration

Why Liposomes

Bioavailability Issues

Liposomes are a revolutionary way of encapsulating active ingredients to protect and deliver them directly to the cells of our tissues, which are reached via the bloodstream. 1 Liposomes stabilize therapeutic compounds—overcoming obstacles to cellular and tissue uptake—and improve the biodistribution of compounds to target sites. - research on bioavailabilty with Liposomes

Solves the Bioavailibility Problem

The aim of taking any supplement is to ensure its transport into the bloodstream via the mucosal and intestinal epithelial cells. However, due to low absorption and bioavailability rates of traditional oral dietary capsules, active ingredients lose most of their potency while passing through the gastrointestinal tract or are simply not absorbed in the small intestine at all. The majority is excreted unused via the intestines or kidneys. 2 Liposomes are vesicles comprised of phospholipids—the primary building blocks of cell membranes. Because they are made of the same material our cell membranes are made of, as they bond to these membranes, they facilitate the delivery of nutrients that are difficult for your body to absorb.

Targeted Delivery

Liposomal delivery offers a targeted and complete absorption of active ingredients with a delayed‑release effect, unlike all other nutrient delivery methods. This increased circulation time of key nutrients in the bloodstream significantly bioavailability. The higher the bioavailability of an active substance, the more effect it has on the body. 3

Advanced Absorption

Liposomes are absorbed through the oral mucosal lining and through lymphatic mechanisms in the gut, bypassing first pass metabolism and breakdown in the liver ensuring the retention of liposome integrity. A synthesis takes place which allows vitamins, minerals or micronutrients to be transported more easily. This higher absorption, means greater efficacy and with smaller doses needed to achieve better results. 4

Biocompatibility

Phospholipids, which are found throughout the body in the membranes of body cells, are so naturally-occurring, that the body recognizes these as body-compatible and does not treat them as ‘toxic’ or ‘foreign’—and, so, does not mount an immune attack on the liposome. 5

Masking

Liposomes shield nutrients from detection by the body’s immune system, mimicking biological membranes and giving the active ingredients more time to reach their intended destination. Phospholipids mask the active ingredients so that larger amounts can be absorbed and escape the selective function of the small intestine. Osmotic (hydrophilic) side effects of some high-dose vitamins and minerals can thus be reduced. 6

Crosses the Blood Brain Barrier

Liposomes have demonstrated the ability to cross this barrier, giving the liposomes the ability to deposit the supplement directly into the cells and enhance circulation of nutrients by your lymphatic system. 7

Nanoscale Power

This profound effect of liposome size on complement recognition can also affect liver uptake. Generally, large unmodified liposomes are eliminated more rapidly than small liposomes, which is why our Fluidizing Liposomes™ are very small—less than 100 nm to prevent their uptake by macrophages of the liver and the spleen. 8

What are Liposomes made of?

The word liposome comes from the Greek words ‘lipo’ for fat and ‘soma’ for body. Liposomes are spherical ‘sacs’ consisting of a double ring of fatty-acid molecules—phosphatidylcholine molecules (phospholipid attached to a choline particle). The liposomal spherical ‘sac’ can be used to enclose and deliver contents of the ‘sac’ directly into the cells and body tissues. The phospholipid molecule consists of a hydrophilic phosphate head and two hydrophobic fatty acid tails. This enables liposomes to be carriers of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds. Liposomes are lipid vesicles made of phospholipids strung together, which form a double membrane, just like almost all cell membranes of our body. The encapsulation of hydrophilic or hydrophobic nutrients within liposomes, such as NMN, allows the active ingredient to bypass the destructive elements of the gastric system. improved its oral bioavailability and increase peak plasma concentration. 9

What does phosphatidylcholine do?

Phosphatidyl­choline is required for many vital functions in the cardiovascular, reproductive, immune, and nervous systems. PC and its components are needed for the synthesis of important messenger molecules called prostaglandins which, among other functions, regulate the contraction and relaxation of muscles. Choline is required for the synthesis of intracellular messenger molecules including the neurotransmitters that allow nerve cells to communicate with muscles and each other, and are essential for proper heart and brain function. At birth up to 90% of cellular membranes are made up of PC. As you age, the percentage of PC in your cellular membranes can decrease to about 10%. This fact leads many to recommend consistent supplementation with this essential phospholipid. 10

How do Liposomes work?

Liposomes release bioactive nutrients by membrane fusion. They delay the clearance and increase the intravascular circulation time of encapsulated nutrients and prolonging retention time. At the first stage of liposome-cell interaction, liposomes adhere to the cell surface. Following such binding, the liposome is internalized into the cell by the mechanism of endocytosis (or phagocytosis). This is followed by the enzymatic digestion of the liposome in the intracellular compartment, accompanied by the intracellular distribution. The active nutrient encapsulated in the liposome is protected from metabolism and the molecule becomes active only after release from liposome. These encapsulating phospholipids bond with cell membranes to facilitate intracellular delivery. They are successful in this because they are able to bypass the digestive processes that normally degrade foreign substances. Liposomes ensure safe delivery of encapsulated cargo retain it in tissues and cells.

References

1. Potential of Liposomes for Enhancement of Oral Drug Absorption 2. Nanocarriers for oral drug delivery 3. Composition design and medical application of liposomes 4. Liposomal Delivery Systems: Design Optimization and Current Applications 5. Oral Bioavailability: Issues and Solutions via Nanoformulations 6. Spontaneous In Situ Formation of Liposomes from Inert Porous Microparticles for Oral Drug Delivery 7. Stabilization of liposomes during drying 8. Powdered lipid nano and microparticles: production and applications. Lipid nanoparticles as vehicles for macromolecules: nucleic acids and peptides 9. Scalable solvent-free production of liposomes 10. Membrane lipids: where they are and how they behave

Key Advantages of Liposomal Delivery:

  • Protects against the harsh environment of the GI tract and increases transmucosal (oral) uptake and absorption.
  • Optimizes both hydrophilic and hydrophobic, unstable compounds.
  • Timing of the dose does not require accompaniment or exclusion of food as the absorption via the liposome avoids the digestive processes.
  • Provides a larger nutrient payload per particle.
  • Offers higher bioavailability and absorption compared to conventional capsules.
  • Increases increase peak plasma concentration.
 

Liposome Research

 

RESEARCH ON LIPOSOMES FOR INCREASED BIOAVAILABILITY

Liposomes, vesicles enclosed by phospholipid bilayers, can solubilize water-insoluble drugs into the lipid domain of the liposomal membrane. In addition to their solubilizing capacity and biocompatibility, the structural and compositional similarity of liposomes with bio-membranes has also encouraged their application for non-invasive oral delivery of poorly-permeable nutrients. 2

Liposomes are non-toxic, biocompatible, biodegradable, and have the following advantages as carriers in drug delivery: first, liposomes can reduce toxicity; second, hydrophilic and lipophilic agents can be incorporated into liposomes; third, liposomes control the drug release; and fourth, the liposome delivery system increases bioavailability. 3

WATER SOLUBILITY

Molecules with very poor water solubility usually have the worst bioavailability and can benefit the most from liposomal delivery. Fisetin is one example shown below up to 27x more bioavailable.

Liposomal Fisetin 1.6 to 27x More Bioavailable

This study in mice found a 2.7-fold increase (in Cmax) with Liposomal Fisetin, with a dose 10 times lower than that of the free fisetin when given by IP.

With IV, the Cmax of liposomal fisetin was 10, vs 6 for free fisetin.

Liposomal Vitamin B-12 Formulas 3-5x More Bioavailable Than Tablet.

Route and Type of Formulation Administered Influences the Absorption and Disposition of Vitamin B12 Levels in Serum

This study compared five formulations for bioavailabilty in humans over 6 hours.A standard table (iii) was compared against an emulsion (ii), a chewabletablet (iv), an oral spray comprised of larger liposomes (v) and an oral spray comprised of very small (20 nanometer) liposomes.

(i) Nanocelle 1000ug -28% - A nano liposomal formulation of B12sublingual spray with an average particle size of about 20 nm

(ii) Emulsion 1000ug - 10% -An emulsion formulation of B12 sublingual

(iii) Tablet 1000ug - 5% - A standard tablet formulation of B12 that is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract.

(iv) Chewable 5000ug - 27% - A dissolvabletablet of B12 that is absorbed through the sublingual mucosa

(v) Liposome 1000ug - 14% - A liposome oral spray of B12 with particle sizes of approximately 100 nm.

The chewable showed similar increase as nano liposomal, but a 5x higher dosage was used.

The standard liposomal product was 3x more bioavailable than tablet.

The nano liposomal spray exhibited sustained release with more than 5x increased bioavailability over standard tablets.

Read more

Liposomal Berberine Increases Circulation Time 23-46x

Preparation, Pharmacokinetics and Tumour-Suppressive Activity of Berberine Liposomes (Zheng, 2017)

Administration of standard Liposomal Berberine increased retention time in circulation from .42 to 10 hours. Use of PEG modified Liposomes further increased retention to to 14 hours.

Administration of Berberine solution injection is hindered by unsatisfactory pharmacokinetics and, more importantly, the risk of lethal cardiovascular adverse reactions due to rapid uptake into heart and lung. This study validated common and long-circulating liposomes as safe and effective method for sustained release of Berberine.

Read more

Liposomal Curcumin & Resveratrol Capsules 10-20x More Bioavailable in Circulation and Prostate Tissue vs Standard Capsules

Liposome encapsulation of curcumin and resveratrol in combination reduces prostate incidence in PTEN knockout mice.

Liposome capsules of resveratrol and curcumin may inhibit prostate problems by increasing their bioavailability synergistically.

In this study, we determined the bioavailability of liposome encapsulated curcumin and resveratrol, individually and in combination and evaluated the inhibitory effects of these agents against prostate growth and progression.

Serum and prostate tissue samples harvested at different time points of 30 min to12 hr with plain liposome (0.1%), curcumin (50 mg/kg/bw), lipo-curcumin (50 mg/kg/bw),lipo-resveratrol (50 mg/kg/bw) and lipo-curcumin administered with lipo-resveratrol (25 mg/kg/bw for each).

figure a - Levels of curcumin and resveratrol recorded in the serum.

figure b - Levels of curcumin and resveratrol recorded in the prostate.

figure d - Quantification of tumor growth inhibition. Total number of adenocarcinomas observed under 10 high-power fields of control vs. treatment groups.

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Liposomal Glutathione More Effective

Clinical research aiming to improve glutathione concentration requires sufficient glutathione absorption and delivery.Researchers turn to liposomal glutathione to achieve sustained bioavailability.

Results from two recent studies showed that liposomal nanoformulation absorption is more effective for raising blood glutathione levels in humans than non-liposomal glutathione. 1

Both studies report a very rapid decline in bioavailability of non-liposome-encapsulated glutathione compared to liposomal glutathione.

Liposome Encapsulated Glutathione Elevates Body Stores

The results of a recent study demonstrated increased body stores of Glutathione (GSH) after oral administration of Liposomal GSH humans. 2

Since GSH is subject to destruction in the acid environment of the stomach, researchers tested that oral liposomal GSH might be an effective means of GSH delivery in vivo.

In addition, liposomal GSH had positive effects on several GSH-related parameters including decreases in biomarkers of oxidative stress and enhancements in immune functions.

Finally, liposomal GSH was highly tolerated and its administration was not associated with any signs of adverse effects. 3

The results from this study provide support for the potential use of oral liposomal Glutathione as an intervention strategy for enhancing tissue Glutathione levels for use in disease therapy or prevention.

Liposomal Glutathione effects were often greater that previously observed for non-liposomal Glutathione . 4

 

 

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Enhanced Efficacy of Apigenin Liposomes

A recent study focusing on establishing apigenin as a potential chemotherapeutic agent for alleviating colorectal cancer reports the development of a stable liposomal nanocarrier with high encapsulation of the hydrophobic flavone apigenin for enhanced chemotherapeutic effects.

"Apigenin liposomes bypass the hurdles posed by apigenin as a chemotherapeutic due to its high hydrophobicity. The enhanced pharmacological activity of apigenin has been assigned to its ability to interact and subsequently influence membrane properties which also resulted in optimal yield of a stable, rigidified, non-leaky nano-carrier with ideal release kinetics."

Research demonstrates the chemo-preventive properties of apigenin against colorectal cancer and the enhanced efficacy of its liposomal formulation both at the in vitro and in vivo level.

 

Liposomal Quercetin:Prolonged Circulation Time in Vivo

New research using Quercetin liposomes demonstrates higher quercetin concentrations in plasma than non-encapsulated quercetin and prolonged circulations time in the blood.

"The effect of quercetin liposomes was stronger than quercetin alone. This formulation provides characteristics such as high drug encapsulation ratio, low in vitro release rate and slow drug clearance and prolonged circulation time in vivo. This provides an alternative solubilization vehicle for administration of quercetin."

Liposomal Nanoparticles Improve the Solubility and Bioavailability of Quercetin in Liver

Liposomal nanoparticles may improve the solubility and bioavailability of quercetin in liver. A 2020 study on the protective and therapeutic effects of nanoliposomal quercetin found liposomal quercetin could effectively protect rats against acute liver injury and may be a new hepatoprotective and therapeutic agent for patients with liver diseases.

Fig. 1:Effect of nanoliposomal quercetin on histopathological changes in rat liver tissues. (Scale bar: 50 μm; HE staining). a Normal control; b-d hepatic-injured rats with b saline treatment; c quercetin treatment; and d nanoliposomal quercetin treatment.

"Interestingly, nanoliposomal quercetin was more effective on decreasing liver index and interstitial inflammatory infiltration of hepatic-injured rats than pure quercetin, which indicated that the protective effect of nanoliposomal quercetin in the injured liver was stronger than that of pure quercetin."